How does an animal experiment work?

How does an animal experiment work?

test execution. A large part of the animal experiments in the pharmaceutical industry consists of injecting animals with a substance to be examined and then having blood drawn from them several times. The evaluation of the blood samples shows how quickly the substance is excreted and whether it is converted in the body.

How are drugs tested?

Tests using placebos Two groups of test subjects are compared with one another, with one group receiving the new medication and the other group receiving a previous standard preparation. Alternatively, one group receives the new drug to be tested and the other group receives a placebo, i.e. a drug without an active ingredient.

Who tests drugs?

In Germany, this body is called the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM). If a pharmaceutical company wants to approve a drug for all countries of the European Union, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is responsible. The EMA examines the application.

Who makes medicines?

From production to sale Medicines worth many billions of euros are sold in Germany every year. Pharmacists used to make medicines themselves. Today, the funds usually come from mass production.

How long does it take for a drug to be approved?

It usually takes more than 13 years from the idea to the first approval; and more years will pass before it is also available for all age groups for which it is suitable.

How are medicines checked before they are put on the market?

To do this, the pharmaceutical company must first apply for a drug approval from the competent authority (see below: Approval options). This carefully examines all the study results and, in the best-case scenario, gives the manufacturer permission to bring the new drug onto the market.

How long does a clinical study last?

This happens in clinical studies, first with healthy people and later with patients. Each of these phases usually lasts at least a year, usually longer. After that, if the results are good, the approval of the drug in question can be applied for.

Where do the medicines actually come from?

Where do our medicines come from? A German “manufacturer” is often included in the leaflet – although the funds are often actually manufactured in India and China. A non-transparent system with side effects.

Where are most medicines manufactured?

Drugs for cancer, pain, high blood pressure or antibiotics and many more. They are all classified as supply-relevant and their active ingredients have been manufactured primarily in China and India for many years. The production costs are simply much lower there.

Where do pharmaceutical companies produce?

Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly producing in India and China. The reason is a great price pressure for generics.

Where does ratiopharm manufacture its medicines?

The contents of many medicines in German pharmacies now come from India and China and often even from one and the same factory. The Asian factories are, so to speak, the suppliers of the large, well-known companies such as Hexal, ratiopharm or Stada.

Who bought Ratiopharm?

With the purchase of its Ulm-based competitor Ratiopharm, the Israeli pharmaceutical company Teva Pharmaceutical has become the largest manufacturer of generic drugs in Europe. Berlin – Teva says it will pay 3.625 billion euros for the Ulm Merckle Group company.

Why are there always twins at ratiopharm?

The idea behind it: There are expensive medicines and there are medicines from Ratiopharm. They are and work just like the expensive models, but cost a lot less. So the twin stands for generic drugs. Same effect, same active ingredient, only cheaper.

Who belongs to Teva?

Teva Germany includes a total of nine companies (as of June 2017), including Teva GmbH, AbZ-Pharma GmbH with the CT Arzneimittel brand and Ratiopharm GmbH.

Which companies belong to Pfizer?

Pfizer is an international manufacturer and distributor of prescription and over-the-counter medicines and animal health products. The company belongs to the US pharmaceutical giant Pfizer, which is headquartered in New York. The German headquarters was relocated from Karlsruhe to Berlin in 2007.

Who belongs to Novartis?

Novartis AG (probably derived from the Latin nova ars “new art”) is a biotechnology and pharmaceutical company based in Basel. Novartis was formed in 1996 from a merger of the two Basel pharmaceutical and chemical companies Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz. Novartis is with 47.4 billion